Storms · What Tropical Storms Did at Each Island

Water level around the storm, relative to each island's p50 elevation

Daily maximum water level minus the island's p50 elevation, from 5 days before to 5 days after the storm's closest approach to that island's gauge. Above zero means water over half the island's dry land.

What pushed the water at one island

Bars: each forcing's push in cm relative to an average day of that season and year. Diamonds: observed rise above the seasonal baseline. A gap between the bar total and the diamond is water the local measurements don't explain (remote surge, waves, or model error).

Across all storms: what makes a storm bring more water

Storm-event model fitted to every storm passing within 500 km of a gauge (one row per storm and gauge, gauge effects held fixed). Effect on the storm's peak water level, 95% intervals.